At the heart of Guénon’s presentation of the integral tradition lies the concept of the Kali Yuga, the final and most degraded of the ages of human spiritual existence. It represents a descent into the infernal dimensions of existence, where spiritual darkness increasingly prevails. The Kali Yuga is not merely a historical period, however, but a metaphysical condition: a progressive inversion of spiritual hierarchies in which the material comes to dominate the transcendent, and the sacred centre is progressively obscured. It is within this process of inversion that the Counter-Tradition emerges. This must be distinguished from pseudo-tradition, which concerns practices, institutions, and organisations that claim traditional values while lacking a genuine understanding of what those values signify, or any connection to the timeless wisdom that constitutes the integral tradition. Pseudo-tradition therefore imitates the outward forms of Tradition; the Counter-Tradition goes further,...